ISSN : 2488-8648


International Journal of Basic Science and Technology

A publication of the Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State

Home About IJBST For Authors Issues Useful Downloads Contact


FAQ OJBST

Questions are asked and these questions need answers. This is the reason why this page is created to enable us share few worries!

×
Archive | ISSUE: , Volume: Oct-Dec-2015

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterococcus spp. isolated from Cockroaches from Ekiti State Teaching Hospital


Author:Ariyo A.B, Aladese M.A. and Ikpesu T.O.

published date:2015-Sep-22

FULL TEXT in - | page 15-18

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterococcus spp isolated from cockroaches in different units/wards of Ekiti State Teaching Hospital was assessed using standard microbiological methods. Selected isolates were characterized by standard cultural and biochemical tests and they were tested with different antibiotics using disk diffusion method. Antibiogram profiles show a relatively complete resistance (100%) of the isolates to cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin and cloxacillin. The least resistance was observed against gentamicin while few of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and tetracycline. It was observed that all the isolates across the wards/unit exhibited multiple resistances to the antibiotics used as majority showed 50% and above resistance to the antibiotics combinations. Eight selected isolates with multiple resistance harbored plasmids all of which were not less than 1.4 kbp in molecular weight. Hence, it showed that the gene coding for the isolates were located on the plasmid DNA while the remaining isolates which have no plasmid might showed gene coding for antibiotic resistance being located on chromosomal DNA. The results of the study suggest that cockroach infestation is a public health problem in Hospital.

Keywords: Antibiotics,Cockroaches,Enterococcus,Hospital,

References

Akhtar, M., Hirt, H. and Zurek, L. (2009). Horizontal transfer of the tetracycline resistance gene tetM mediated by pCF10 among Enterococcus faecalis in the house fly (Musca domestica L.) alimentary canal. Microbial Ecology, 58:509-518.

Akingbade, O.A., Balogun, S.A., Ojo, D.A., Afolabi, R.O., Motayo, B.O., Okerentugba, P.O. and Okonko, I.O. (2012). Plasmid profile analysis of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound infections in South-west, Nigeria. World Applied Sciences Journal, 20(6): 766-775.

Ammerlaan, H. S., Troelstra, A., Kruitwagen, C. L., Kluytmans, J., Bonten, M. J. (2009). Quantifying changes in incidences of nosocomial bacteraemia caused by antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy, 63:1064-1070.

Aqeel, A., Anuradha, G., Coby, S.and Ludek, Z. (2011). Insects in confined swine operations carry a large antibiotic resistant and potentially virulent enterococcal community. Microbiology, 11:23-26

Arias, C. A. and Murray, B.E. (2008). Emergence and management of drug-resistant enterococcal infections. Expert Review of Anti Infection, 6:637-655.

Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., Seidman, J. G., Smith, J. A., and Struhl, K. (1987). Pp 1-25 in: Current protocols in molecular biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Brenner, R.J., Koehler, P., Patterson, R.S. (2007). Health Implications of Cockroach Infestations. Infestations in Med. 4(8): 349– 355

Chatterjee, I., Iredell, J. R., Woods, M. and Lipman, J. (2007). The implications of enterococci for the intensive care unit. Critical Care and Resuscitation, 9(1):69-75

Dautle, M. P., Ulrich, R.L. and Hughes, T.A. (2002). Typing and subtyping of 83 clinical isolates purified from surgically implanted silicone feeding tubes by random amplified polymorphic DNA amplification. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40:414-421

Elgderi, R. M., Ghenghesh, K. S. and Berbash, N. (2006). Carriage by the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) of multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans, in hospitals and households in Tripoli, Libya. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100 (1): 55–62.

Fisher, K. and Phillips, C. (2009). The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. Microbiology, 155:1749-1757.

Fortedor, R., Bareijer, U. and Verma, A. (1999). Cockroaches (Blattella germanica) as carriers of micro-organisms of medical importance in hospitals. Epidemiology and Infection, 107: 181- 187.

Grimaldi, D. (1997). A fossil mantis (Insecta: Mantoidea) in Cretaceous amber of New Jersey, with comments on early history of Dictyoptera. American Museum Novitates; 3204: 1–11.

Hegstad, K., Mikalsen, T., Coque, T.M., Werner, G. and Sundsfjord, A. (2010). Mobile genetic elements and their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 16:541-554.

Heim, S., Lleo, M.D., Bonato, B., Guzman, C.A. and Canepari, P. (2002). The viable but nonculturable state and starvation are different stress responses of Enterococcus faecalis, as determined by proteome analysis. Journal of Bacteriology, 184:6739-6745.

Hidron, A. I., Edwards, J.R. and Patel, J. (2008). Antimicrobialresistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: annual summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006-2007. Epidemiology, 29:996-1011.

Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. and Purcell, A.H. (1998). Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, pp. 362–364.In 2nd ed.. Oxford University Press.

Iredell, J. and J. Lipman. (2005). Antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit: a primer in bacteriology. Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, 33:188-195.

Jacobsen, L., Wilcks, A., Hammer, K., Huys, G., Gevers, D. and Andersen, S.R. (2007). Horizontal transfer of tet (M) and erm (B) resistance plasmids from food strains of Lactobacillus plantarum to Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic rats. Microbiology and Ecology, 59:158-166.

Kak, V. and Chow, J.W. (2002). Acquired antibiotic resistances in enterococci, pp. 355-383.In M. S. Gillmore (ed.), The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance. ASM Press, Washington, DC.

Lleo, M. D., Tafi, M.C. and Canepari, P. (1998). Nonculturable Enterococcus faecalis cells are metabolically active and capable of resuming active growth. Systemic Applied Microbiology, 21:333- 339.

Oleghe, P. O., Odimegwu, D. C., Udofia, E., Esimore, C.O. (2011). Multidrug resistant bacteria isolates recovered from herbal medicinal preparations in Southeastern Setting, Nigeria. In Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health, 10:70-75.

Pai, H. H., Chen, W. C. and Peng, C. F. (2004). Cockroaches as potential vectors of nosocomial infections. In Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 25: 979– 984.

Pai, H. H., Chen, W. C. and Peng, C. F. (2005). Isolation of bacteria with antibiotic resistance from household cockroaches (Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica). In Acta Tropica, 93: 259–265.

Piriyama, T., William, D.W., Fernandes, R.O. and Cesca, T. P. (2003). Molecular characterization of clinical and environmental isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis from a teaching hospital in Wales. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 52: 821-827.

Rivault, C., Cloarec, A. and Guyader, A. L (2003). Bacterial load of cockroaches in relation to urban environment. Epidemiology and Infection, 110 (2): 317–325.

Schleifer, K. H., and Kilpperbalz, R. (1984). Transfer of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium to the Genus Enterococcus nom. rev. as Enterococcus faecalis comb. nov. and Enterococcusfaecium comb. nov. International Journal of Bacteriology, 34:31-34.

Tenover, F. C. (2006). Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. American Journal of Infection and Control, 119:3-10.

Top, J., R. Willems, and M. Bonten. (2008). Emergence of CC17 Enterococcus faecium: from commensal to hospital-adapted pathogen. Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 52:297-308.

Valles, S. M., Koehler, P. G. and Brenner, R. J. (1999). "Comparative insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzyme activities among pestiferous blattodea. Com.p Infibous. Biochemistry and Toxicology, 124 (3): 227–232.

Weaver, K. E., Rice, L.B. and Churchward, G. (2002). Plasmids and transposons, pp. 219-263. In M. S. Gillmore (ed.), The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance. ASM Press, Washington, DC.

FULL TEXT in - | page 15-18

Issue Archive

Volume 12 2026

Volume 11 2025

Volume 10 2024

Issue 4-Oct-Dec
Issue 3-Jul-Sep
Issue 2-Apr-Jun
Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 9 2023

Issue 4-Oct-Dec
Issue 3-Jul-Sep
Issue 2-Apr-Jun
Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 8 2022

Issue 4-Oct-Dec
Issue 3-Jul-Sep
Issue 2-Apr-Jun
Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 7 2021

Issue 4-Oct-Dec
Issue 2-Apr-Jun
Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 6 2020

Issue 4-Oct-Dec
Issue 3-Jul-Sep

Volume 5 2019

Issue 4-Oct-Dec
Issue 2-Apr-Jun
Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 4 2018

Issue 4-Oct-Dec
Issue 3-Jul-Sep
Issue 2-Apr-Jun

Volume 3 2017

Issue 4-Oct-Dec
Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 2 2016

Issue 4-Oct-Dec

Volume 1 2015

Issue 4-Oct-Dec


Copyright © International Journal of Basic Science and Technology | Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke 2019. All Rights Reserved.
P.M.B. 126, Yenagoa. Bayelsa state Nigeria