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International Journal of Basic Science and Technology

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Archive | ISSUE: , Volume: Jan-Mar-2024

Modification and Characterization of Biosorbent Developed from Coconut Shell


Author:Sangoremi, A. A. , Onawumi, O. O. E.,Bello, O.S.

published date:2024-Apr-11

FULL TEXT in - | page 91 - 101

Abstract

The need to develop a more efficient adsorbent comparable to commercially available activated carbon is attracting significant interest as a promising precursor the for-adsorption phenomenon. The study focused on the characterization and modification of adsorbent generated from coconut shell (CNSA) using standard methods (ASTM). The physicochemical and proximate compositions of CNSA were determined for both unmodified (UCNSA) and modified (MCNSA) adsorbents such as pH, Moisture content (MC), ash content (AC), volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), surface area (SA), bulk density (BD), and particle size. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to determine the surface functional groups and surface morphology respectively. The results revealed the following range: pH (7.10 ± 0.101 - 6.60 ± 0.110%), MC (6.20 ± 0.100 - 3.50 ± 0.110%), VM (10.00 ± 0.011 - 9.00 ± 0.012%), AC (16.42 ± 0.111 - 15.10 ± 0.110%), FC (71.08 ±.001 - 68.70 ± 0.01%), BD (0.769 ± 0.000 - 0.720 ± 0.000 g/cm3), SA (1120.00 ± 0.000 - 1100.000 m2/g), and PS (300.00 ± 0.000 - 300.00 ± 0.000 µm). The biosorbents possessed high fixed carbon contents with low inorganic, in addition to large surface area which make them viable adsorbents. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of oxygen surface complexes such as carbonyls and OH groups which are potential adsorption sites with concomitant good pore structures from SEM studies, while EDX revealed the presence of elements like carbon, oxygen, calcium, magnesium and silicon in percent weights. Overall, the study proposes both UCNSA and MCNSA as efficient, low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbents for the purification of wastewater, and industrial effluents together with waste cooking oil regeneration.

Keywords: Physicochemical, Activated carbon, Modification, Surface area, Bulk density

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