Adang, 1. K. L., Ayuba, J. and Yoriyo, K. P. (2015). Ectoparasites of Sheep (Ovis aries L.) and Goats (Capra hirus L.) in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences; 18(5): 224-231.

Ajith, Y., Dimri, U., Gopalakrishnan, A. and  Devi, G. (2017).  A study on prevalence and

factors associated with ectoparasitism in goats of two agro-climatic regions in India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 41(3): 739–746.

Ali, L. M., Mohammad, M. and Roohollah, F. (2015). Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle, sheep and goats in Ilam Country, Ilam province, Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 39(1): 37- 40.

Anaeto, M. B., Tayo, G. I., Chioma, G.O. and  Afolabi, A. A. (2009). Comparative study of

Albendazole and C.papaya seed on the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats.

Journal of life and physical sciences, ACTA SATECH, 3 (1): 25-28.

Beyecha, K., Kumsa, B. and Beyene, D. (2014). “Ectoparasites of goats in three agroecologies in central Oromia, Ethiopia.” Comparative Clinical Pathology, 23(1): 21-28.

Bryson, N. R., Tice, G. A., Horak, I. G., Stewart, C. G. and Du Plessis, B. J. A. (2002). Ixodid ticks on indigenous goats owned by small-scale farmers in four communal grazing areas in South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 73: 26-30.

Dantas-Torres, F. (2008). The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae): from taxonomy to control. Veterinary Parasitology, 152: 173-185.

De Matos, C., Sitoe, C., Neves, L., Nöthling, J. O. and Horak, I. G. (2009). The comparative prevalence of five ixodid tick species infesting cattle and goats in Maputo Province, Mozambique. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 76(2): 201-208.

Edoga, E. O. (2005). Breed susceptibility to ectoparasite infestations in small ruminants managed under semi-intensive system. Journal of Animal Production; 2005.

Ekanem, M. S., Opara, K. N., Bennie, D. P. and Udo I. O. (2011). Ectoparasties of goats in  Etinan, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 2(5): 108-113.

Hassan, M. M., Hoque, M. A., Islam, S. K. M. A., Khan. S. A., Roy, K. and Banu, Q. A. (2011). Prevalence of parasites in black Bengal goats in Chittagong Bangladesh. Int. J. Livest. Prod., 2(4): 40-44.

Horak, I. G., Jordaan, A. J., Nel, P. J., Van Heerden, J., Heyne, H. and Van Dalen, E. M. (2015). Distribution of endemic and introduced tick species in Free State Province, South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 86(1),

http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v86i1.1255

Idris, H. S. and Umar, H. (2007).  Prevalence of ectoparasites in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) brought for slaughter in the Gwagwalada area, Abuja, Nigeria. Entomological research, 37(1): 25-28.

Iposu, S. O., Okwelum, N., Kumapayi, A. O. F., Talabi, A. O., Sanwo, K. and Takeet, M. I. (2004). Prevalence of ticks in sheep and goats in Abeokuta and its environs. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 41(1): 224-229.

Kamani, J., Baneth, G., Mumcuoglu, K. Y., Waziri, N. E., Eyal, O., Guthmann, Y. and Harrus, S. (2013). Molecular detection and characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs and ticks from Nigeria. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7: e2108.

Khan, A., Nasreen, N., Niaz, S., Shah, S. S. A., Mitchell III, R. D., Ayaz, S., Naeem, H., Khan, L. and De León, A. P. (2019). Tick burden and tick species prevalence in small ruminants of different agencies of Federally Administered Tribal Arcas (FATA), Pakistan. International Journal of Acarology, 45: 6-7, 374-380.

Kilpatrick, H., Howard, J., Andrew, M. and Bonte, L. (2007). Managing Urban Deer in Connetcut: A Guide for Residents and Communities [2nd ed.]. Connectcut Department of Environmental protection.

Malla, M. E., Payne, V. K. and Cedric, Y. (2021). Prevalence of tick infestation of sheep and goats in Bui and Donga-Mantung Divisions of the North West Region of Cameroon. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 6(1): 20-29.

Mekonnen, S., Pegram, R. G., Gebre, S., Mekonnen, A., Jobre, Y. and Zewde, M. (2007). A synthesis of ixodid (Acari: Ixodidae) and argasid (Acari: Argasidae) ticks in Ethiopian and their possible roles in disease transmission. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 11: 1-17.

Nnabuife, H. E., Matur, B. M., Ogo, N. I., Goselle, O. N., Budaye, J., Mwansat, G. S., Egbuji, A., Echeonwu, B. C. and Mamman, S. A. (2021). Species Identification and Prevalence of Ixodid Ticks in Sheep and Goats Reared in Plateau State, Nigeria. European Modern Studies Journal, 5(4): 461-470.  

Noor, J., Ahaduzzaman, M., Hossain, M. M. A., Hossain, M. A., Sarker, M. S. and Rahim, S. A. (2016). Prevalence and morphological identification of tick species infestation in goat in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences: Research and Reviews, 2(2): 42-46.

Obi, Z. C., Anyaegbunam, L. and Orji, M. N. (2014). Ectoparasitosis, a challenge in sheep and goat production in Uli, Anambra state, Nigeria. Int. J. Fauna Biol. Stud., 1(5): 27-29.

Odogu, K. I. and Okaka, C. E. (2016). Prevalence Of Ectoparasites Of Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) Slaughtered At Aduwawa Abattior In Benin City, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Agriculture and Biology Research, 4(3): 55-59.

Ofukwu, R. A., Ogbaje, C. I. and Akwuobu, C. A. (2008). Preliminary study of the epidemiology of ectoparasite infestation of goats and sheep in Makurdi, north central Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science, 7 (3): 23-27.

Ofukwu, R. A. and Akwuobu, C. A. (2010). Aspects of epidemiology of ectoparasite infestation of sheep and goats in Makurdi, North Central, Nigeria. Tanzania Veterinary Journal, 27(1): 36-42.

Ogo, N. I., de Mera, I. G., Galindo, R. C., Okubanjo, O. O., Inuwa, H. M., Agbede, R. I., Torina, A., Alongi, A., Vicente, J., Gortázar, C. and de la Fuente, J. (2012). Molecular identification of tick-borne pathogens in Nigerian ticks. Veterinary Parasitology, 187: 572-577.

Olson, S. H. and Patz, J. A. (2010). Global environmental change and tick-borne disease incidence. Paper presented at Institute of Medicine Committee on Lyme disease and other Tick-Borne Diseases: The state of the Science, Washington, DC.

Omudu, E. A. and Amuta, E.U. (2007). Parasitology and urban livestock farming in Nigeria:Prevalence of ova in faecal and soil samples and animal ectoparasites in Makurdi. J. South  Afr. Vet. Assoc., 78: 40-45.

Rajput, Z. I., Hu, S., Chen, W., Arijo, A. G. and Xiao, C. (2006). Importance of ticks and their chemical and immunological control in livestock. Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 7(11): 912-921.

Sarkar M., Rahman, S. A, Sarker, B. K., Anisuzzaman, A., Begum, N., Mondal, M. M. H.

(2010). Epidemiology and pathology of ectoparasitic infestations in black Bengal goats in

Gaibandha and mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Vet Med., 8(1):41-50.

Sertse, T. and Wossene, A. (2007). Effect of ectoparasites on quality of pickled skins and

their impact on the tanning industries in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. Small Rumin. Res.,

69: 55-61.

Seyoum, Z., Tadesse, T. and Addisu, A. (2015). Ectoparasites Prevalence in Small Ruminants

in and around Sekela, Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary

Medicine, 15(3): 1-6.

Socolovschi, C., Doudier, B., Pages, F. and Parola, P. (2008). Ticks and human tick-borne diseases in Africa. Med. Trop. (Mars.), 68:119-133.

Soundararajan, C., Nagarajan, K., Muthukrishnan, S. and Prakash, A. M. (2018). Tick infestation on sheep, goats, horse and wild hare in Tamil Nadu. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 42(1): 127-129.

Taylor, M. A., Coop, R. L. and Wall, R. L. (2007). Veterinary parasitology. 3rd edition,Black well publishing, Oxford, 33: 159-161.

Tongjura, J. D. C., Amuga, G. A., Ombugadu, R. J., Azamu, Y. and Mafuiya, H. B. (2012). Ectoparasites infesting livestpck in three local government areas (LGAs) of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Science World Journal, 7: 15-17.

Veen, V. and Mohammed, A.K. (2005). Traditional Ruminant production in the Sub humid Zone of Nigeria; African Journal of Applied Animal Research, 41: 233-238.

Walker, A. R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J. L., Estrada-Peña, A., Horak, I. G., Latif, A., Pegram, R. G. and Preston, P. M.  (2003).  Ticks  of  domestic  animals  in  Africa,  A  guide  to identification of species. (pp. 3-210).  Bioscience Reports, Edinburgh, U.K

Yacob, H. T., (2014). “Ectoparasitism: threat to Ethiopian small ruminant population and tanning industry: a review.” Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 6(1): 25–33.